First determine what was deleted
Recovery depends on whether the work was committed, staged, or only existed as uncommitted working-tree data. Git can recover committed objects, but it cannot guarantee recovery of arbitrary uncommitted files that were never recorded.
Use history and reflog
If a branch or commit was deleted, inspect git reflog and the repository history. If the desired commit still exists, create a branch pointing to it.
Prevent future loss
Commit meaningful work frequently, push important branches and avoid destructive commands until you understand their effect. Small commits are easier to recover and easier to review.